More about cartilaginous fish

1. Explain how cartilaginous and bony fish regulate the salt found in water? 

Bony fish deal with this by uneven concentration by drinking a lot of seawater to stay hydrated. Sharks have evolved the ability to reabsorb the urea by breakdown of protein back into their tissue. 

2. What are some key difference in LIFE HISTORYs between cartilaginous and bony fish? 

Sharks life history strategy that requires slow growth to a relatively large size. Bony fish demonstrate rapid growth, reach maturity younger and increased ability to reproduce. 

Describe how sharks reproduce. 

All sharks reproduction is internal. Male sharks have mixotyerigia, or pelvic claspers, an extension of the cartilaginous skeleton that serve as the sperm conducting structure for internal fertilization.  

Marine Arthropods

1. What are examples of marine arthropods?

Marine sub-phylum, the entirely marine class Pyconogonida or "sea spiders", and the entirely marine class merostomata

2. What's the difference between an Arthropod's skeleton and a human? 

Arthropod's exoskeleton is connected to the inside of the exoskeleton, and the exoskeleton cannot grow. The human skeleton grows. 

3. Compare/contrast how arthropods and humans move blood in their circulatory systems? 

Arthropods have no veins or capillaries to carry bloods and humans do, they both have blood going through their body. 

4. How do the eyes of arthropods differ from your eyes?  

Arthropods have compound eyes and I don't have compound eyes. 

5. How do humans use marine arthropods? 

We use them for food 

  

What are cartilaginous fish?

1. What makes cartilaginous fish different from other fish? Give example: 

they have skeletons made of cartilage 

2. List examples of cartilaginous fish from  other fish? 

Skeleton, eyelid, heart and blood, external, features, buoyancy, digestion and evacuation osmoregulation, life history, reproduction, diversity patterns 

3. What's special about a sharks eye? 

Sharks have a third eyelid called mic rating membrane. 

4. What are the difference between bony fish and cartilaginous fish? 

A. Heart and blood 

Bony fishes 4th compartment of the heart is made of non-contractile smooth muscle and elastic fibers. 

  

B. external feature 

Bony fishes have an internal organ know as the swim bladder that keeps them active natural buoyancy by exchanging gasses with blood vessels. 

C. Digestion and evacuation 

Bony fishes have two separate openings a rectum and a mouth. 

Marines science words of wisdom

"Sand tiger sharks are the only shark species known to eat one another in the womb. In a "shark eats shark" world the larger and stronger two unborn pups will actually eat it's sibling before either are born. While this is bad for the "dine", it provides nourishment for the diner and eliminates completion for resources once they are born". 

 

Nine major animal phyla

1. List all nine major animal phyla, and an example image of animal in the phyla? 

Phylum Porifera, Phylum Platyhelminthes, Phylum Nematoda, Phylum Annelida, Phylum Arthropoda, Phylum Mollusca, Phylum Echinodermata, Phylum Coelenterata, Phylum Chordata  

  

2. What type(s) of habitat can the species  be found? 

Marine, Fresh Water, Salt Water, terrestrial, Arthropoda 

3. How does the species digest food? 

The digestive system is incomplete which means they either suck the nutrients or it just has one opening which serves as the anus and the mouth. 

4. Have u seen an example of species in Phyla? Explain where, and what was the situation. 

Yes, I have seen a spider eat at the San Diego zoo. 

End of the line

Big Question: Why should we humans be concerned about overfishing?

Unless the current situation improves, Stocks of all species currently fished for food are predicted to collapse by 2048

1. What are the "Big Five" fish we catch all the time?

Cod, haddock, tuna, salmon and prawns.

2. What is a reason for not eating sharks or other deep water fish?

They tend to be slow growing

3. What are some "Fish to eat", " fish to occasionally", "fish to avoid"?

Fish to eat: salmon, trout, and tuna Fish to occasionally: mackerel, flounder, and anglerfish fish to avoid: eel, white bait , blue tailed trout

4. Research big question: as many as 90 % of all the ocean's large fishes has been fished out

Energy flows through ecosystems

1. How does light and nutrients affect productivity in the oceans?

Light penetrates only into the upper most level of the oceans, so photosynthesis occurs in surface and near- surface water.

2. What factors affect the ability of an ecosystem to support multiple trophic levels?

The amount of energy entering the ecosystem, energy loss between trophic levels, and the form, structure, and physiology of organisms at each level.

3. Describe the process bioaccumulation, and describe the DDT examples?

Bioaccumulation- An important consequence of the energy between trophic levels is that contaminants collect in animal tissue.
DDT- built up in eagles and other raptors to levels high enough to affect their reproduction causing the birds to lay thin - shelled eggs that broke in their nest.

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Energy flows through ecosystems

1a. Examples of primary produce, and (b.) how do they get their energy?

Organism that produce organic compounds from atmospheric or aquatic carbon dioxide and photosynthesis

2a. The second trophic level is made up of what creatures, and (b.) from where do they get their energy?

Herbivores and they plant life underwater

3. Why do predators make up the third trophic level?

Large predators are present, they represent still higher levels.

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